One of the first questions forensic anthropologists must ask themselves when bones are recovered in the forensic context is the following: are the bones human or nonhuman? Although forensic anthropologists can quickly distinguish human from nonhuman bones despite the anatomical difference in size and shape (compared to other animals), nonspecialists often mistake nonhuman bones for human bones (especially in the absence of the skull and claws). If nonhuman bones end up in the medical examiner’s system, then the consequences could be substantial in terms of investigations going in the wrong direction, limited resources (in some departments) being wasted, and time that could have been spent on cases with true human remains lost. In most cases, however, nonhuman bones are not needlessly investigated because the impulse of all police personnel when they find bones is to consult forensic anthropologists at universities, medical examiner/coroner offices, and museums. For example, medical examiner/coroner offices and forensic anthropologists who hold full-time positions at Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, Texas; City of New York Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, New York; Forth Worth Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Fort Worth, Texas; District of Columbia Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Washington, DC, were consulted—in office and out—85%, 88%, 89%, and 96%, respectively, of their total activity in 2015.