Different patterns emerge along lines of socially defined categories of people when resources in a society are distributed unevenly, typically through allocation standards. Who has access to social goods in society is influenced by power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class. Social inequality typically refers to a disparity in outcomes, but it can also refer to a disparity in access to opportunities. Unfortunately, these social inequalities and/or disparities do not just affect health care. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently made these health care disparities in interventional cardiology a major focus for 2020-2021. In a recent publication, distinct factors causing disparities between interventional cardiology subspecialties were identified. A task force was established by the SCAI congenital heart disease (CHD) council to investigate the particular difficulties and disparities affecting paediatric cardiology and CHD practice.

Although multiple factors have been suggested to play a role in these continued and troubling findings, several studies attempting to identify factors (such as prematurity) have not demonstrated an association with neonatal mortality. However, these altered expression patterns not only suggest a potential genetic component but also raise questions regarding environmental factors. Perhaps the most troubling finding is that while the mortality rate continues to trend downward, we continue to see disparate mortality rates in non-Hispanic Blacks. The CHD council of SCAI has conducted this systematic review to investigate potential modifiable factors in the CHD population as potential targets for improvement. In light of these disparities, the overall rate of disparate mortality for patients with CHD persists into adulthood.

There has been a momentous development in the range of innate cardiovascular imperfections that can be concealed or fixed utilizing transcatheter or careful mediations. While some of these conditions can be treated on an individual basis, others necessitate immediate or emergency treatment. Based on established guidelines, it appears to be simple to provide vulnerable children and adults with CHD with lifesaving congenital interventional procedures by trained congenital interventional cardiologist. However, achieving this goal can be challenging due to a lack of appropriate congenital diagnostic services, wellequipped catheterization laboratories, appropriate support from an experienced congenital cardiac surgeon, and the infrastructure for appropriate pre- and post-procedural care. It's possible that neither state-of-the-art adult cardiac catheterization laboratories nor many independent community hospitals offer any of these options. As a result, many of these treatments can only be safely carried out in close proximity to specialized children's hospitals that have the necessary resources.