Prenatal Assessment and Intrauterine Treatments for Foetal Arrhythmias
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Fetal arrhythmias are a common occurrence with a variety of causes. Prenatal diagnosis and management of foetal arrhythmias are still up for debate. The most recent two decades' worth of literature on prenatal diagnosis and therapy of foetal arrhythmias was downloaded, gathered, and assessed. Both a foetal magnetocardiogram and an electrocardiogram can provide information on heart time intervals, such as the QRS and QT intervals. The AV and VA intervals, foetal heart rate, and AV conduction are all detected with M-mode ultrasonography. The atrial and ventricular waves can be recorded simultaneously using Doppler ultrasound. Premature contractions and sinus tachycardia are benign foetal arrhythmias that do not require therapy before or after birth. Active therapy is required for persistent foetal arrhythmias that can lead to hydrops fetalis, cardiac dysfunction, or foetal death. The transplacental method has been used for intrauterine therapy of foetal tachyarrhythmias. If maternal transplacental treatment fails, antiarrhythmic medicines can be injected intraumbilically, intraperitoneally, or directly into the foetal muscle. The types or genesis of foetal arrhythmias, as well as foetal circumstances, influence the outcomes of intrauterine therapy for foetal tachyarrhythmias. The majority can be treated transplacentally with first-line antiarrhythmic drugs. In drug-resistant or hemodynamically compromised instances, foetal cardiac pacings are effective ways to reestablish sinus rhythm. In refractory cases, a postnatal pacemaker should be implanted right away.