Introduction: The standard precautions advanced by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1996, goals of Standard precautions to reducing the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals. The prpous of this study :to assess the knowledge and compliance of standard precautions among ICU Nurses in Xi'an hospitals, and to identify the relationship between compliance, knowledge and general self-efficacy of standard among ICU Nurses in China.

Methods: This study used a descriptive study design. A convenient sample of 471 ICU nurses working in 11 hospitals from Xi'an of Shaanxi Province in China. Data were gathered over four months, from June to October 2017. Tools: The questionnaire used for data collection included four parts:(1) general information,(2) knowledge of standard precautions, (3) compliance of standard precautions and (4) General self-efficacy scale. Data analyzed by SPSS 18.

Result: 100% of respondents were female, their mean age was (28.6 ± 5.6), 90% of nurses have vaccination HBV, the mean knowledge score of participants were a good (17.3 ± 1.8 out of 20). (80.4%) of ICU nurses know Standard Precautions. The mean score of standard precautions compliance among ICU nurses were poor (66.12 ± 10.3 out of 80). Standard precautions knowledge was positively correlated with compliance (r=0.17) and general self-efficacy was also positively correlated with compliance (r=0.21).

Conclusion: Based on the conclusions of this study, it can be assumed that the standard prevention knowledge and compliance of nurses in this study are still lacking. Standard precautions education should be encouraged, and adequate practical personal protection equipment should be implemented in order to reduce hospital infections and protect the health of patients and medical staff.