Visual vertigo (VV), whose symptoms are brought on or made worse by an abundance of or disorienting visual stimuli, can occur in people with vestibular dysfunction (e.g., supermarkets). It is thought that people with VV depend too much on visual information for balance (i.e., visually dependent). When certain vestibular rehabilitation exercises and exposure to optokinetic stimuli are coupled, VV can be considerably improved. However, it is challenging to implement these strategies into routine clinical practise where exercises may be performed unsupervised due to the frequency of treatment sessions (twice weekly for 8 weeks) and the equipment utilised (expensive and spaceconsuming). This focused review's goals are to give an overview of recent findings looking at (a) how people with vestibular deficits respond to a tailored exercise programme that includes exposure to optokinetic stimuli through a "high-tech" visual environment rotator or a "low-tech" DVD with and without supervision, and (b) the mechanism of recovery. Additionally, additional recent advancements in vestibular rehabilitation methods and upcoming research will be presented in relation to optokinetic stimulation.

The current accepted standard of therapy for people with peripheral vestibular diseases, regardless of age or length of symptom duration, is the use of exercise in the form of appropriate motions and sensory exposure (i.e., vestibular rehabilitation). With notable improvements in subjective symptoms, dynamic visual acuity, gait, and postural stability, customised vestibular rehabilitation is more beneficial than a general exercise programme (such as the Cawthorne-Cooksey exercise). In between 50 and 80 percent of people who complete a personalised vestibular rehabilitation programme, symptoms and postural stability improve. Complete healing, on the other hand, is less frequent and happens in roughly all cases. It is unclear why some people with peripheral vestibular disorders do not completely recover.

In settings involving visual-vestibular conflict or severe visual motion stimulation, people with peripheral vestibular disorders may feel discomfort, postural instability, and symptoms of dizziness, light-headedness, and/or confusion (i.e., supermarket aisles, crowds, watching moving scenes, and driving on highways). Visual vertigo (VV), space and motion discomfort, visual vestibular mismatch, and drivers' disorientation syndrome are all terms used to describe this problem. Studies have demonstrated that people with VV experience verticality perception and postural stability differently from people with vestibular dysfunction who do not have VV. People with VV experience verticality perception and postural stability differently.